A survey on modeling and control of thruster-assisted position mooring systems

This review presents a systematic summary of the state-of-the-art development of technological solutions, modeling, and control strategies of thruster-assisted position mooring (TAPM) systems. The survey serves as a starting point for exploring automatic control and real-time monitoring solutions proposed for TAPM systems. A brief historical background of the mooring systems is given. The kinematics and a simplified kinetic control-design model of a TAPM system are derived in accordance with established control methods, including a quasistatic linearized model for the restoring and damping forces based on low-frequency horizontal motions of the vessel. In addition, another two mooring line models, i.e., the catenary equation and the finite element method model, are presented for the purpose of higher-fidelity simulations. The basic TAPM control strategies are reviewed, including heading control, surge-sway damping, roll–pitch damping (for semisubmersibles), and line break detection and compensation. Details on the concepts of setpoint chasing for optimal positioning of a vessel at the equilibrium position are discussed based on balancing the mooring forces with the environmental loads and avoiding mooring line failure modes. One method for setpoint chasing is the use of a structural reliability index, accounting for both mean mooring line tensions and dynamic effects. Another method is the use of a lowpass filter on the position of the vessel itself, to provide a reference position. The most advanced method seems to be the use of a fault-tolerant control framework that, in addition to direct fault detection and isolation in the mooring system, incorporates minimization of either the low-frequency tensions in the mooring lines or minimization of the reliability indices for the mooring lines to select the optimal directions for the setpoint to move. A hybrid (or supervisory switching) control method is also presented, where a best-fit control law and observer law are automatically selected among a bank of control and observer algorithms based on the supervision of the sea-state and automatic switching logic.     

A statistical analysis of consumer perceptions towards automated vehicles and their intended adoption

ABSTRACT

While automated vehicle (AV) development continues to progress rapidly, how the public will accept and adopt automated vehicles remains an open question. Using extensive survey data, we apply cluster analysis to better understand consumer perceptions toward potential benefits and concerns related to AVs with regard to factors influencing their AV adoption likelihood. Four market segments are identified – ‘benefits-dominated,’ ‘concerns-dominated,’ ‘uncertain,’ and ‘well-informed.’ A random parameters multinomial logit model is then estimated to identify factors influencing the probability of respondents belonging to one of these four market segments. Among other influences (such as socio-economic and current travel characteristics), it is found that ‘Millennials’ have a higher probability of belonging to the well-informed market segment, ‘Gen-Xers’ with a lower probability to the uncertain market segment, and ‘Baby Boomers’ with a higher probability to the concerns-dominated market (relative to the ‘Great Generation’). We also study the individuals’ expressed likelihood of AV adoption using separate random parameters ordered probit estimations for each of the four market segments. The substantial and statistically significant differences across each AV consumer market segment underscore the potentially large impact that different consumer demographics may have on AV adoption and the need for targeted marketing to achieve better market-penetration outcomes.     

一种高铁CTC进路数据自动测试方法的设计与实现

调度集中系统与计算机联锁接口中的进路数据的测试存在工作量繁重、耗时长以及人为因素易出错等问题,针对该问题提出一种自动测试方法,可有效的解决进路数据的自动测试及测试结果的自动分析,多条高铁线路实践表明,能显著提高调度集中系统与计算机联锁接口的测试效率及数据正确率,使CTC系统产品更安全可靠。     

隧道爆炸冲击波的危害及控制措施

目前山岭隧道施工基本以钻爆法为主,爆破过程中产生的冲击波会对隧道内的人员及机械设备安全产生较大影响,造成重大安全事故和财产损失。本文主要介绍了冲击波在隧道内传播会形成超压,且随着传播距离增加超压峰值逐渐衰减到大气压范围内;基于超压准则评估了冲击波对人体、隧道内设施及周边建筑物的危害程度;通过在隧道内安装简易的冲击波缓冲装置及加强监测、设置安全警戒线等控制措施,减弱了爆破冲击波的危害,从而达到安全快速施工的目的。     

船体零件等离子切割机割嘴监控装置的开发及应用

以等离子弧切割机割嘴为研究对象,分析船体零件切割机工作过程中切割电流和不同切割距离的健康指数变化,建立基于切割电流监控的切割机割嘴监控装置,确定电流传感器布置方案和合理的参数范围。试验结果表明:当切割厚度为12 mm、坡口为0°的板件时,采用切割机电流监控装置,割嘴切割距离提升了8%,零件切割质量问题数减少了56%。     

CRH3与CRH5型动车组中压供电方式对比分析

介绍了CRH3与CRH5型动车组车辆在各种情况下的中压分配情况,分别分析了CRH3、CRH5型动车组的中压供电方式及其控制条件和逻辑关系,对比分析了CRH3、CRH5型动车组中压供电的优缺点。供电技术的不断提升,使CRH3、CRH5型动车组的供电更加可靠、安全和稳定,同时也推动了高速列车技术的发展,使旅客乘坐更加舒适。     

智能网联车辆交通信息处理技术与信号控制方法研究

随着科学技术的不断加强,智能网联车辆的数量也在不断增加,在智能交通系统发展中,车联网发挥了重要作用,人们对于车联网的研究也越来越多和越来越深入,为了能够使车联网更好的普及,应该加强对智能网联车辆交通信息技术和信号控制的研究。本文基于目前车联网发展现状对智能网联车辆信息处理技术和信号控制的方法进行探讨研究,以供参考。     

流线型钢箱梁涡激振动机理与气动控制措施

以某主跨390 m的独塔流线型钢箱梁斜拉桥为工程依托，采用风洞试验与计算流体动力学（Computational Fluid Dynamics，CFD）相结合的方法对流线型钢箱梁涡激振动机理与气动控制措施进行研究。首先，采用几何缩尺比为1∶30的主梁节段模型进行主梁涡振性能与气动控制措施优化研究；其次，采用CFD方法对主梁涡振响应进行流固耦合计算，将Newmark-β算法嵌入ANSYS Fluent用户自定义函数（User Defined Functions，UDFs）实现主梁结构振动响应求解，同时结合动网格技术实现主梁断面流固耦合分析；并根据判断条件来检索箱梁壁面上的网格单元，以获得主梁断面振动过程中的表面压力，然后结合主梁结构振动响应、表面压力以及流场特征等对主梁涡激振动机理进行分析。结果表明：该桥主梁原设计方案存在涡激共振现象，将梁底检修车轨道内移120 cm可有效抑制主梁涡振响应；主梁涡激振动响应的数值模拟结果与风洞试验结果吻合较好；检修车轨道内移120 cm后主要改变了箱梁下表面平均压力系数分布特性，且箱梁表面各测点脉动压力卓越频率不一致，有效减小了主梁涡激振动响应；流线型箱梁靠近迎风侧的“被动区域”对结构涡振响应贡献较小，背风侧“驱动区域”发生周期性旋涡脱落是影响流线型箱梁涡振的主要因素。     

基于自适应可变权重的铁路继电器机电参数融合方法研究

铁路继电器性能优劣直接影响铁路系统的正常运行。为分析铁路继电器长期动作造成的性能退化,研究一种融合继电器机械参数和电参数的方法来综合反映继电器性能状态。利用熵权法分析继电器性能参数所含退化信息量,客观确定参数基础权重。根据性能参数退化特征,引入考虑关键参数优化差异的劣化参数凸显因子和异常趋势惩罚因子,对基础权重进行优化调整,获得自适应可变权重,确定能够综合反映继电器机电性能退化的融合参数。分析结果表明:采用自适应可变权重可以有效融合继电器机械参数和电参数;对融合参数及多维性能参数进行预测,能够确定继电器的寿命及失效机理。     

某纯电动汽车直流充电异常分析及解决方案

随着纯电动汽车的普及,电动汽车充电系统运行的可靠性及稳定性关乎整车的安全性,车辆在充电过程中出现充电异常的情况,应受到足够的重视。本文通过某纯电动汽车在点火锁处于关闭状态下直流充电异常的案例,结合整车控制通信架构讲述该纯电动汽车快充系统无法充电的异常原因分析及排除过程,为电动汽车从业者提供一些整车通信网络架构设计思路和充电异常的分析思路。